Forging machine



Jan. 27, 1925; 4,524,575

J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 25, 1921 8Sheets--Sheet 1 J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE-- 8 Sheets-Sheet 2 OriginalFiled Nov. 25, l921 WWR MMW J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE Original FiledNdv. 25. 1921 a Sheets-Sheet a June 01 J/ipa ens" W W.

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Jan. 27, 1925. 1,524,575

J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 25. 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet5 J14. Payers J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE Original Filed Nov. 25. 19218 Sheets-Sheet 6 JA. Page/ 5 Jan. 925- 1,524,575

J. A. ROGERS rename momma Original Filed Nov; 25, 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 7I A. Payers Jan. 27, 1925.

4 J. A. ROGERS FORGING MACHINE Origingl Filed Nov. 25, 1921 8Sheets-Sheet 8 cfif g. 10.

Fatented Jan. 27, 1925.

UNETEE STATEg FAT JOHN A. ROGERS, OF ATLANTA, GEORGIA, ASSIGNOR TORAILWAY LOCK-SPIKE COM- PANY, OF ATLANTA, GEORGEA, A CORPORATION OFGEORGIA.

FORGING MACHINE.

Application filed November 25, 1921, Serial No. 517,552.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN A. Rooms, a citizen of United States, residingat Atlanta, in the county of Fulton and State of Georgia, have inventedcertain new and useful Improvements in Forging Machines, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to forging machines, and has as an object theprovision of a machine which will operate a set of dies to form the bodyof an article to a desired shape, produce a head thereon, and dischargethe completed article.

An illustrative embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanyingdrawings, in which F 1 is a rear elevation:

Fig. 2 is a side view of a form of railway spike which the dies shown inthe drawings are adapted to produce:

Fig. 3 is a side elevation partly broken away:

Fig. 4; is a plan view: I

Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse section on line 5, 5 of Fig. 3:

Fig. 6 is av detail vertical longitudinal section on line 6, 60f Fig. 1,on an enlarged scale the severing lever and its shaft being omitted:

Fig. 7 is a detail vertical section on line 7, 7 of Fig. l to anenlarged scale:

Fig. 8 is a detail vertical section on line 8, 8 of Fig. 1, drawn toenlarged scale, parts being omitted for clarity:

Fig. 9 is a detail front view partly broken away showing the ejectingmechanism:

Fig. 10 is a vertical section on line 10, 10 of Fig. 1, drawn to anenlarged scale: and

Fig. 11 is a detail section on line 11, 11 of Fig. 3.

The machine comprises mechanism to cause the body shaping dies to closetogether and to separate at proper times; mechanism to sever materialfrom the bar; mechanism to press the body of the article into shape; andmechanism to form a. head upon the article.

The machine may be driven by power applied to pulley 10, the shaft 11upon which said pulley is mounted being'journalcd in boxes 12, 13, andhaving pinion 14: keyed thereon, which pinion engages gear 15 upon camshaft 16 for operation of the machine. The entire moving mechanism ofthe machine is driven by cam shaft 16,

Renewed December 17, 1924.

through the'medium of cams 17, 18, 19, 20 and 21. The cam 17 will bereferred to as the severing cam; 18 as the body forming Releasingmechanism.

6, the dies comprise a 22 and an upper movabledie 23. In addition thereis'a notchforming die 24, a heading die 25 and a movable side die .26,the latter being more clearly shown in Fig. 5. The die 22 has a ledgeformed thereon by means of blocks 27 and 28, the latter carrying cuttingedge 29. The ledge formed by blocks 27 and 28 give the form to the lowerportion 30 of the spike 31, shown in Fig. 2, by means of depression 72.

When the die 26 is moved towards die 22 a space will be providedtherebetween which will be the thickness of blocks 27 and 28. Thematerial which will be fed to the machine will preferably be less thanthis thickness to a slight extent, so that when die 26 is pressedagainst blocks 27, 28 the material will substantially fill the space. Torender die 26 movable for the purpose, it is shown as mounted upon anarm 30 pivoted at 31. In order that the die 26 may approach die '22 in adirection normal to the surface thereof, the pivot 31 is located in avertical plane passing through substantially the center ofthe space inwhich the body of the forged article will be formed. To operate the die26, as best shown in Figs. 5 and 7, there is provided a toggle formed ofmembers 32, 33, one of which is pivoted to the block carrying the die 26at 34, and the other of which is pivoted to a block 35 upon an axis at36. The block 35 is secured to a portion 37 of the frame of the machineas by bolts 38, and is provided with wedges 39 for adjustment. The diesillustrated and described herein are shown more in detail by patent toHarris, 1,403,882 dated March 7, 1922. It is obvious that many otherforms of dies could be applied to the machine for production of otherforms.

A shackle 40 is secured upon the center pin of the operating toggle forthe side die, which shackle is adapted to bepulled upwardly by means ofa rod 42 secured to As shown in Fig. lower stationary die shackle 40through the medium of a link 43 pivoted to the shackle at 44. To pullthe rod 42 upwardly it is shown attached to the end of a lever 45 as bymeans of a link 46. Lever 45 is shown as mounted for rotation on a shaft47. To serve as a stop to limit the downward movement of the pin 41 ofthe toggle, a member 48 (see Fig. 10) providing a shoulder 49, issecured to the shaft 47, and is adapted to coact with a complementaryshoulder 50 carried by the lever 45.

If a forged article were to fail to be discharged from thedies andmaterial for another was fed in,the presence of the two, when-thesidedie was moved up by means of the toggles 32, 33 and arm 45, would breaksomepart of the mechanism if the parts were unyielding. To provide forsuch a contingency, lever 45 is shown formed in two parts 45 and 45pivoted together at 51. j Projections 52, 53 which extend parallelto'each other are carried by parts 45 and'45"- respectively. A bolt 54issecured to projection 53 and a spring 55 is compressed between the headof the bolt 54 and the party 52 through whichthe bolt passes freely. Thepressure exerted upon the side die by arm 45 is therefore a yieldingpressure andmay be regulated by adjusting the effective length of thebolt 54. The end of the lever 45 is provided with 'a roller 56 which,in-coaction with cam 20, is adapted to cause the movement of die 26. Tocause return of the die 26 to the normal position shown in Fig. 5 aspring 57 may be anchored to the frame of the machine, and may beattached to thetoggle as at 58.

To ensure the breaking of the toggle joint 32, 33 if it should .freezeso that spring 57 could not move ita projection 214 carried by a collar215 may be mounted on the shaft 86, the function of which is describedbelow. This shaft moves in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 7 when thearticle is pressed in the dies. T o coact with the projection 214 afinger 216 may be pivoted to rod 42 as at 217 and may be pressed againstan adjustable stop 218 by a spring 219 which in turn is seated'againstan abutment 220. When the shaft 86 moves in the d rection of the arrowthe projection 214 may slip past finger 216 with compression of spring219. When the parts are restored after an article has been completed bythe dies the shaft 86 will be reversed by return of arm 85 to normalposition and if the rod 42 has not lowered under action of spring 57,the projection 214 will act on the finger 216 against immovable stop 218and positively break the toggle 32, 33.

Se'vem'ng mechanism.

The material as enclosed by die 26 is integral with the bar which is.fed to the machine. This material is to be pressed to the form of thebody of the article by die 23, which is shaped to give the form of theupper portion 59 of the article, in'the case illustrated, the spike 31.The first operation subsequent to the feeding of the material is thesevering of the same from the bar. This is performed by a cutting edge60 formed upon the die 23 coacting with the edge 29 on the die 22. Toprovide ample power for this severing act-ion the die 23 is mounted upona beam 61, the length'of "which is substantially equal to the width ofthe machine, and the downturne'd ends of which are mounted 'upon'pins62, 63, which pins are guided in their vertical movements by links 64,65,which links-are pivoted uponpins 66, 67, which pins in'turn arejournaled in pillow blocks 68, 69 adjustably mounted upon brackets'TO,.71.

As more clearly shown in Fig. 11, the pillow blocks are secured tobrackets by means of bolts 75, which pull the blocks toward the uprightmember of the bracket and'the bolts 7 6 against which the block ispulled, thereby providing for adjustment of the block to and from theplane in which the cutting edges of the dies work. The beam 61 is formedsolid at its central portion and is divided into two leavesat eachend,'providing a space between the leaves. At the left end of themachine, asseen in Fig. 5, a standard 77 of the machine, rises betweenthe leaves, and in this space also the rod 42 for operation of the sidedie works. The two leaves of the beam at each end are turned downwardlyat an angle and formed into a loop? 8 connected by webs 79, 80, in whichthe pins 62, 63 are secured. The lower portion of the loop 7 8 issubstantially semi-cylindrical, and is concentric with the axis of thepins 62, 63 which axis passes through the cutting edge 60.

When the parts have been used for some time and wear takes place thedifference in location of the axis of the pins when the cutting edges ofthe dies have been brought together-would be liable to cause injury tothese edges. To provide a positive location for the cutting edges atevery actuation thereof, blocks 81 are supplied to receive the surfaceof the loop 78. The block at the right side of the machine is supportedupon a bracket 82'which may be adjusted for height by means of a screw83. To provide for fine adjustment for height of the blocks 81 each ofthem. is seated upon a wedge 82, which may be adjusted by means ofscrews 83, being held against movement with the wedge, by means of screw84.

For causing movement of the upper cutting edge to coact with the lower,a lever 85 is rigidly secured to a shaft 86 j ournaled in standards 77and 87, and rigidly secured to said shaft are hubs 88 and 89 which areadapted to cause movement of arms 90 and 91, of toggle joints which,when straightened, depress pins 62, 63, and when broken raise the same.

To adjust the amount of motion of the cutting edge the arms of thetoggle are each formed of two members which are telescopically related,one member 92, 3, of each being integral with one of the hubs 88 and 89and providing a channel in which the other member 93 is adapted to restand to be moved. To provide adjustment of the location of the member 98in the channel of member 92 a wedge 94 is placed between the end of themember 93 and the hub 88 or 89 being pressed to position by a screw 95.The wedges 94 are kept in location by means of a leaf 96 screwed to theside of the member 93. To hold the members rigidly in adjustment a wedge97 is placed in the channel beside member 93, the side of the channelconverging for reception of the wedge, and when the wedge is driven homea set screw 98 may be tightened down thereon.

The lever 85 is caused to operate by the severing cam 17, a roller 99being provided upon a bracket 100 upon the end of the lever for contactwith the cam. To cause return of the lever 85 to normal, breaking thetoggle 90, 91 at the end of the formation of the article by the dies,with reversal of shaft 86, a weight 101 omitted from Fig. 1, may beplaced upon the end of the lever. In addition to the weight a spring102, mount-ed upon a bracket 103, secured to beams 104 and 105 spanningthe top of the machine, may be supplied to cause a quick start of thereturn of the lever to normal. The lever 85 is preferably telescoped inthe portion 106, which in turn is rigidly secured to the shaft 86. Lever85 may be held in its place by means of a wedge 107 shown in Fig. 5.

The axis of the pins 62, 63 preferably passes through the cutting edge60 as before stated, in order that the subsequent motion of the beam 61about the pivots 62, 63 may not disturb the relation of the cuttingedges 29 and 60 after they have been brought together.

Boalg shaping mechanism.

To press the material into the depression 72 the die 23 has a lowersurface 108 which is adapted to shape the surface 59 on the spike. Thedie 23 in its normal position stands at an angle diverging rearwarldlyrelative to the bottom of the depression 72. The vertical movement ofthe beam 61 caused by the toggle actuated by lever 85 already describedbrings the cutting edges very closely together. To cause the die 23 tomove upon an axis passing through the cutting edges it is nextoscillated upon the pivots 62, 63 by pressure upon lever 109 rigidlyfastened to the beam 61. To operate the toggle from passing this lever aroller 110 is mounted upon the lever and coacts with cam upon the camshaft 16. The cam 18 is so mounted upon the cam shaft 16 as to make theaction of lever 109 follow immediately upon the completion of thedepression of lever 85. To support lever 109 in its normal position atoggle comprising two arms 111 and 112 is provided, the arm 112 beingpivoted to the lever as at 113. To prevent the center a stop screw 11%is mounted in a finger 115 projecting beyond the joint 116 between thearms, and by screwing in the screw 114: the relation of the two armswhen the toggle is straightened may be determined.

The arm 111 of the toggle is mounted on a shaft 117 journaled in astandard 118. To break the toggle and initiate the downward movement ofthe lever 109 as well as to straighten the toggle and return the leverto normal position, a. crank 119 is mounted upon the end of the shaft117, and a. pin 120 upon the end of the crank is journaled in a slidingblock 121, which is slidable in the end of a lever 122, which in turn ispivoted at 123 to lever 85. Mounted upon, androtating with cam shaft 16,preferably by being mounted upon the hub of the cam 17, is a projectionbearing a roller 12 1. The circumferential location of :this roller issuch that immediately upon the completion of the downward movement ofthe lever 85 the roller will impinge upon the lever 122, thereby movingits lower end outwardly, actuating the crank 119 and breaking the toggle111, 112, thus initiating the movement of lever 109. Further movement ofthe lever 109 will be caused by cam 18. The movement of the crank pin120 consequent upon the continued movement of lever 109 will cause block121 to slide in the end of the lever without obstruction until the lever109 has completed its stroke. When the end of the throw of cam 17 hasbeen reached and the weight 101 and spring 102 return lever 85 to normalthe end of the slot in lever 122 will impinge upon the block 121 andwill carry the crank back to its original position, therebystraightening the toggle 111, 112 and restoring lever 109 to normalposition.

To quiet'the return of the arm 122 and prevent the shock upon themechanism of a sudden stoppage thereof a. dash pot 125 (see Figs. 6 and8) may be pivoted upon a convenient portion of the frame as intermediateframe member 138, at 126 and a piston in the dash pot may be connectedby rod 127 with a pivot 128 upon the arm 122. This dash pot is designedto allow a free outward 18 which is placed movement of the piston but tocushion the return thereof in a well understood manner.

The head of the spike 81, as shown in Fig. 2, which the machine is shownas equipped to produce, is unsymmetrically related to the body. When thebody is shaped by means of the rotation of the upper die by means oflever 109 a certain amount of the metal will be caused to flow so as toobtrude from the dies, and the bar from which the material is made isfed into the dies a sui'licient distance to provide for the head, takinginto account the flow of the metal. T olocate the bar accurately in thedies a stop member 130, comprising a central portion 131 and arms 132and 138, is pivoted at 184 and 135 upon brackets 136 and 137 fastened toan intermediate member 138 of the frame. The stop member is supportedfrom the lever by means of a rod 139 connected thereto by means of ashackle 140. The connection of the rod to lever as shown in 5, is suchas to provide a yielding support. To this end the rod 139 is connectedto the end of a bell crank 141, the center of whiehis pivoted at 142 tothe shackle 143 upon the lever 45, and a weight 144 is provided upon theother arm of the bell crank. The weight 144 is sufiicient to cause thestop member 130 to partake of movements of lever unless otherwiseinfluenced. Therefore when the side die is operated by the lifting ofthe rod 42 the stop member 130 will also be lifted and will be above thematerial obtruding from the die when the lever 109 begins operation. Tobend the obtruding material downwardly so as to provide theunsymmetrical relation of the head of the spike, a projection 145, Fig.6, from the stop member is acted upon by a finger 146 carried by thlever 109, thus forcing the central portion 131 down upon the obtrudingmaterial and bending it downwardly. The finger 146 is yieldingly held inits forward position against a screw stop 147 by means of a spring 148and has a projection 149 on one side thereof for purpose to beexplained.

When the finger 146 impinges upon projection the stop member 131 will beforced downwardly with consequent lifting of the weight 144, this beingthe purpose of the yielding connection with the lever 45. It will beevident that a separate element could be added to perform the bendingfunction of stop member 131. The recitation in the claims of bendingmeans is intended to refer to the means for forcing the stop member, orany separate element provided for the purpose, downwardly against thematerial.

H reading mechanism.

Heading die 25 is shown mounted in a block 150 which is carried by anarm 151 being mounted thereon by means of a pin 152. Rigid with theblock 150 is a second arm 153 having a slot 154, and a bolt 155 passedthrough a portion of the arm 151 may be moved in the slot to adjust theangle of the die 25 to the arm 151.

Also connected to the pin 152 is one arm 156 of a toggle, the other arm157 of which is pivoted, as at 158, upon a shaft journaled inintermediate portion 138 of the frame and extending to provide a lever159 for operation of the toggle. A roller 160 is carried between thebifurcated ends of the lever 159 and is actuated by the heading cam 18already mentioned.

F or manufacture of the spike shown in Fig. 2 it isnecessary to have theheading die 25 approach the material to be acted upon in a downwarddirection, and for this purpose the pivot 161 upon which the arm 151 ismounted should be located in a position in rear of the vertical planepassing through the space in which the head is formed. For otherarticles in which the head is symmetricallyrelated to the body the die25 should be caused to approach the work in a posit-ion perpendicular tothe vertical plane mentioned. To provide for an adjustment of the pivot161 for these different purposes it is mounted in a block 162, slidablein ways 168 mounted upon the frame of the machine. Forverticaladjustment of the position of the die the forward end of the ways 163are pivoted as at 164 upon the machine, and the rear end 165 is madevertically adjustable in the slot 166, see especially Fig. 3.

The heading die 25 is brought into action while the body shaping leveris still depressed and while the side die 26 is also actuated, so thatthe body of the spike is held firmly in the body shaping cavity.However, the stop 131 must be moved out of the. way before die 25reaches a position where it would impinge against this stop, otherwisethe machine would be damaged. To this end a finger 167 is mounted in asupport 168, carried by block 150, and is yieldingly held in position bymeans of a counterweight 169. A set screw 170 is provided under thecounterweight to adjust the elevation of the finger. The support 168 isshown as secured to the block 150 by means of screws 170. When theheading die moves forward linger 167 will strike the projection 149,compressing the spring 148 and will. cause the finger 146 to be forcedoff from the projection 145, upon which the counterweight 144 will causethe stop 131 to be raised out of the path of the heading die. In orderto be sure that the stop will be raised a wedge member 172 is secured tosupport 168 and will pass under projection 145, camming the sameupwardly in case the stop 131 sticks for some reason so that thecounterweight can not raise it, or if the side die: fails to act as byreason of an article becoming jammed and failing to discharge.

To form the notch 173 in the spike a notch-forming die 24 is provided.If this die were stationary the action of die 23 pressing the materialdown would form the notch at right angles to the adjacent exteriorsurface of the spike with a rounded corner, unless the bar was ofsufficiently large dimensions'to cause material to flow to fill therecess, which. would require a great increase of pressure to actuate. Toprovide the undercut character of the notch the die 24 is mounted uponablock 174, whichis pivoted at 175 upon a ledge 176 of the frame. A lever177 is adjustably secured in the socket in the block 174 by means of setscrews 178. The lever 177 carries a cam block 179 on its end, retainedby means of a set screw 180 and co-acting with a roller 181 carried by alever 182 pivoted at 183 in spaced lugs 184 supported by theintermediatemember 138 of the frame and adjustable thereon by means of a set screw185.

To actuate the arm 182 it is connected at 186 to a link 187, which inturn is pivotally connected at 188 to an enlargement of the arm 157, soas to rotate about the axis 158 when the heading lever is actuated.Since the cam 179 will be actuated at the beginning of the movement ofthe heading lever the notch forming die 24 will be brought into actionbefore the heading die 25. To restore lever 182 to normal position aspring 189 is provided, acting in compression between the lever and theframe member 138.

To restore lever 109 to normal position a pulley 190 may be supported inany suitable manner at the rear of the machine and a cord 191 passingover the pulley may be attached to the arm 109, and may have a weight192 at its end. Instead of the weight and cord, or in addition thereto acompression s rin 193 ma 1 be rovided to act be- P b .l l

tween a portion of the frame and the arm 109. To ensure the start of thelever 159 upon its return to normal a projection 194 may be secured uponone side of lever 109, which projection extends below one of theproject-ions of the end of the end of lever 159, and will lift the samewhen lever 109 is returned by means of its toggle 111, 112. Means tocheck the upward movement of lever 159 upon its return to normalposition is shown in the form of a flexible strap 221 secured to thelever at 222 and adjustably secured to the frame at 223.

Discharge mechanism. lVhen the side die 26 is returned to normal thecompleted article is to be caused to means of a projection 199. bearinga roller 200. Opposed to the roller 200 is a second roller 201. A cam202 is mounted on an arm 203 which is pivotally mounted at 204 and at205 upon the hub of the lever 85. The two pivots 204, 205 provide forpivotal motion in two directions for the arm 203.

l/Vhen the lever is depressed the cam 202 will be forced forwardly, thearm 203 swinging about pivot 205. At this time a piece of materialispressed in the die and the pins 196 cannot be moved and the shape ofthe cam 202 its location upon arm 203 and its angular relation to saidarm are such as to cause the cam to slip past the ends of the rollersforwardly and to fall by gravity back under the rollers when the lever85 has been depressed-sufficiently. lVhen the lever 85 is returning tonormal however the die 26 is also moving, consequently the rollers 200and 201 are free to and will be separated by the cam 202 with consequentprojection of pins 196, past the face of the stationary die, thuscarrying the formed article with the die 26 during its initial movement.By adjustment of the arm 206 about the pivot 207 by means of set screws208 acting against the spring 209, the position of the roller 201 may beadjusted, and the spring 209 being stronger than spring 198 theresulting projection of the pins 196 will be determined. The relation ofthe parts is such that the toggle breaking device 214 and 220 acts onlyafter the springs 209 are fully compressed so that the full action ofthese springs on the ejecting pins will be had when the side die 26begins to move.

The die 23 is preferably mounted in a block 210 having flanges 211 whichoverlie flanges 212 carried by the beam 61, and rigidly secured in placeby means of wedges 213 and set screws 214'. Toggles are used to actuateeach of the dies in the device since the action of a toggle provides thegreatest power toward the end of the stroke when the greatest power isneeded in fashioning the metal to form.

To operate the feed mechanism illustrated in detail in Fig. 3, the lever221 (see Fig. 10) is pivoted upon a bracket 222 upon the frame and isprovided with a block 223 at its lower end in which block is journaledthe end of a connecting rod 224, the reciprocation of which is adaptedto operate the feed mechanism by actuation of the lever 221.

The cam 21 is spline'd upon the cam shaft 16 to cause the lever 221 tobe positively operated in both directions. The upper end of the lever isconnected by a link 225 with a member 226 pivoted to the frame at 227and carrying a roller 228 for co-action with the cam 21. A roller 229 isprovided upon the lever 221 for a like purpose. When the cam 21 isrotated in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 10, member 226 will beactuated by the cam and through link 225 will pull the upper end of thelever 221 to the left in that figure, to the position shown in dottedlines in which position the roller 229 will be in-contact with thecircular portion of the periphery of the cam. Continued rotation of thecam will return lever 221 to the position shown in full lines in thefigure thus completing a movement of the feed mechanism.

Minor changes may be made in the physical embodiment of the inventionwithout departing from its spirit.

I claim:

1. In a forging machine. in combination, a die having a cutting edge. asecond die having a cutting edge adapted to coact with said first namededge, means to cause motion of translation of one of said dies towardthe other to sever material and subsequently acting means to cause oneof said dies to pivot toward the other die about the cuttingedges as anaxis to press material between the dies.

2. In a forging machine, in combination, a pair of normally separateddies one of which has a depression therein, a cutting edge carried byone of said dies, means to move said dies toward each other to partiallyenclose said depression. a third die normally separated from said firstnamed dies, a cutting edge carried by said third die. means to bringsaid cutting edges together with the third die in diverging relation tothe pair of dies and subsequently acting means to cause motion ofrotation of one of said dies about said cutting edges as an axis topress material in said depression.

3. In a forging machine, in combination a pair of normally separateddies, means to move one of said dies toward the other to enclosematerial therebetween means to positively separate said 'dies and meansto press treated material against the moving die during the initialportion of the movement of separation to carry said material clear ofthe stationary die for discharge of the material.

4. In a forging machine, in combination. a stationary die havingaedepression, a movable'die, means to move said movable die to enclosematerial between the dies, means to press the enclosed material to theform of the depression, positively acting means to separate said diesand means to Gerrythe treated material with the moving die during theinitial portion of its movement of separation until clear of thestationary die for discharge of the said material.

In a forging machine, in combination. a. stationary die having adepression therein, a movable die mounted on an arm pivoted on an axislocated in a vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis ofsaid depression. means to move said movable die about said axis toenclose material. means to press the enclosed material to the form ofsaid depression. means to separate said dies and means to cause thetreated n'iaterial to move with the movable die during the initialportion of its movement. out of the depression for discharge of thetreated material.

6. In a forging machine, in combination, body forming dies, a stopmember normally standing in the rear of said dies to locate insertedmaterial a heading die,.means to move said beading die against insertedmaterial, means to move said stop member out of the path of said headingdie prior to its heading action, and means to bend the material to beformed into a head to a position such that the formed head will beunsymmetrically located relative to the body formed by said body formingdies.

7.'In a forging machine, in combination. body forming dies, a stopmember normally standing in the rear of said dies to locate insertedmaterial means to press material inserted between said dies to bodyform, thereby causing flow and consequent obtrusion of said material tothe rear. means to remove said stop member prior to such obtrusion.means to bend the obtruding material at an angle to the body formed bysaid dies and means to form the obtruding material into a headunsymmetrical relative to said body.

8. In a forging machine, in combination. body forming dies. a stopmember normally standing in the rear of said dies to locate insertedmaterial, means to press material inserted between said dies to bodyform. thereby causing flow and consequent obtrusion of said material tothe rear, means to remove said stop member prior to such obtrusion.means to press said stop member against one side of the obtrudingmaterial to bend said portion at an angle to the body portion. a headingdie and means to cause said heading die to act upon the obtrudingmaterial after it has been bent.

9. In a forging machine.v in combination. a movable side die. a leverfor actuatina said die, a stop for locating material fed to said die. avielding connection between said stop and lover whereby said stop willbe lifted when said die is actuated. material shaping lever. meansactuated bv said shaping lever to depress said stop against the a tionof said yielding connection to bend material obtruding from said diewhereby a head may be formed of said obtruding material unsymmetricallylocated relative to the body.

10. In a forging machine, in combination, a movable side die, a leverfor actuating Said die, a stop for locating material fed to said die, ayielding connection between said stop and lever whereby said stop willbe lifted when said die is actuated, a material shaping lever, meansactuated by said shaping lever to depress said stop against the actionof said yielding connection to bend material obtruding from said diewhereby a head may be formed of said obtruding material unsymmetricallylocated relative to the body, a heading die, an arm upon which saidheading die is mounted and means actuated by said arm to release saidbending means to release said stop to allow it to be raised by saidyielding connection.

11. In a forging machine, in combination, upper and lower body shapingdies each provided with a cutting edge, and normally standing at arearwardly diverging angle, said lower die having a depression, a beamfor carrying said upper die, pins upon which said beam is mounted. theaxis of said pins passing through said upper cutting edge. means tocause vertical movement of said beam and subsequently acting means tocause rotation of said beam about said pins to cause said upper die topress material in said depression.

12. In a forging machine, in combination, relatively movable dies, abeam carrying one of said dies, pins upon which said beam is mounted onan axis parallel with its length, links upon which said pins arejournaled, pillow blocks to which said links are pivoted, means to causereciprocal movement of said beam about the pivotal axis in said pillowblocks.

13. In a forging machine, in combination, relatively movable dies, abeam carrying one of said dies, pins upon which said beam is mounted onan axis parallel with its length, links upon which said pins arejournaled, pillow'blocks to which said links are pivoted, a toggle armmounted on each of said pins, a second toggle arm pivotally connectedwith said first named arm and rigid- 1y secured to an oscillatory shaft,a lever rigidly secured to said shaft and a cam for moving said lever tostraighten said toggles to lower said die.

14. In a forging machine. in combination, relatively movable dies, ahorizontal beam carrying one of said dies and having down turned loopshaped ends. a pin journaled in the bight of each loop, said pins beingaligned on an axis parallel with the length of the beam, means guidingsaid pins in vertical movement, means for causing such vertical movementand subsequently acting means for oscillating said beam about said pins.

15. In a forging machine, in con'ibination, relatively movable dies, ahorizontal beam carrying one of said dies and having down turned loopshaped ends, a pin journaled in the bi 'ht of each loop, said pins beingaligned on an axis parallel with the length of the beam, means guidingsaid pins in vertical movement, the external surfaces of the ends ofsaid beam being substantially seinicylindrical and concentric with saidpins, a block with its upper surface formed to a section of cylindricalsurface supported below each end of said beam, means for moving saidbeam vertically into contact with said blocks and subsequently actingmeans for oscillating said beam about said pins and in contact with saidblocks.

16. In a forging machine, incombination, material enclosing diesproviding a body shaping depression therebetwcen when closed andcarrying a cutting edge, a second cutting edge to coact therewith, abody shaping die, a heading die, means to cause said enclosing dies,said cutting edges, said body shaping die and said heading die to act bydistinct movements in the order named.

17. In a forging machine, in combination, material enclosing diesproviding a body shaping depression therebetween when closed andcarrying a cutting edge, a second cutting edge to coact therewith, abody shaping die, anotch forming die, a heading die, means to cause saidenclosing dies, said cutting edges, said body shaping die, said notchforming die and said heading die to act by distinct movements in theorder named.

18. In a forging machine, incombination, a stationary die having acutting edge and a body shaping depression, a movable die having acutting edge and a body shaping surface, a beam carrying said movabledie and having down turned ends,pinsjournaled in said ends the axes ofwhich are in alignment with each other and with the movable cuttingedge, toggles for moving said beam vertically, one arm of each togglerigidly mounted on a shaft, a lever rigidly secured to said shaft, a camfor operating said lever, a lever rigidly secured to said beam, a camfor operating said beam, said last named cam coming into actionsubsequent to the action of the first cam.

19. In a forging machine, in combination,

material cutting means, a lever for actuating said cutting means, amaterial shaping die, a lever for actuating said die, a toggle acting ina straightened position to support said die actuating lever in normalposition,

means for restoring said first named lever to normal position and meansactuated. by said first named leverto straighten sald toggle to restoresaid die operating lever to normal position.

20. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, abody shaping lever and a heading lever, means for actuating said leversin the order named, means for restoring one of said levers to normalposition and means carried by said restored lever for initiating thereturn to normal of the other levers.

21. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, abody shaping lever, a toggle acting in straightened condition to supportsaid shaping lever in normal position, means actuated by said cuttinglever to break said toggle.

22. In a forging machine, in combinati n, a material cutting lever,abody shaping lever, a toggle acting in straightened condition tosupport said shaping lever in normal position, means actuated by saidcutting lever when near the end of its stroke to break said toggle andinitiate the movement of said shaping lever.

23. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, abody shaping lever, a toggle acting in straightened condition to supportsaid shaping lever in normal position, means actuated by said cuttinglever when near the end of its stroke to break said toggle and initiatethe movement of said shaping lever, said last named means acting toreturn said toggle and said shaping lever to normal position. I

24. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, abody shaping lever, a. toggle acting in straightened condition tosupport said shaping lever in normal position, a supporting shaft uponwhich one arm of said toggle is rigidly mounted, a crank on said shaft,a link: pivotally secured to said cutting lever and having lost motionconnection with said crank.

25. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, acam for operation of said lever, a cam shaft, a material shaping lever,atoggle acting in straightened condition for supporting said shapinglever in normal position, a supporting shaft rigidly secured to one ofsaid toggle, a crank on said shaft, a link pivotally attached to saidcutting lever and having lost motion connection with said crank, andmeans on the cam shaft adjacent the link to throw said link laterally tobreak said toggle and initiate the movement of said shaping lever.

26. In a forging machine, in combination, a material cutting lever, acam for operation of said lever, a cam shaft, a material shaping lever,a toggle acting in straightened condition for supporting said shaping"lever in normal position, a supporting shaft rigidly secured to one armof said toggle, a crank on said shaft, a link pivotally attached to saidcutting lever and having lost motion connection with said crank, andmeans for cushioning the return of .said link to normal position.

27. In a forging machine, in combination, a heading die, a toggle foractuating said die, a lever for actuating said toggle, a notch formingdie, a lever for actuating said notch forming die, and a cam actuated bysaid first named lever for actuating said second named lever.

28. In a forging machine, in combination, a stationary die having acutting edge and a body shaping depression, a movable die having acutting edge and a body shaping surface, a beam carrying said movabledie, movable pivots carrying said beam, means to move said pivots to cutmaterial between said edges and means to oscillate said beam about saidpivots to press material to the shape of said depression.

29. In a forging machine, in combination, a die having a cutting edge, abeam upon which said die is mounted, movable pivots carrying said beam,toggles for controlling said pivots each toggle comprising an armjournaled on one of said pivots a second arm journaled to rotate about afixed axis a pivot connecting said arms and means to adjust the lengthof one of said arms, means to straighten and to flex the toggles.

30. In a forging machine, in combination, a pivot, a die carrying memberjournaled thereon, a toggle comprising an armjournaled on said pivot, asecond arm comprising member pivotedto said first named arm. a secondmember mounted for rotation about a fixed axis, a wedge insertiblebetween said members to adjust the length of the assembled arm and meansto hold the members rigidly in adjusted relation, and means to actuatesaid toggle.

31. In a forging machine, in combination, a pivot, a die carrying memberjournaled thereon, a toggle comprising an arm journaled on said pivot,an arm comprising telescopically related members one member pivoted tosaid first named arm, a second member mounted to rotate about a fixedaxis, a wedge between the end of said first member and said aXis'toadjust the length of said arm and a second wedge to contolthe telescopicmovement of said members to hold them rigidly in'adjustment and means toactuate said toggle.v

32. In a forging machine.- in combination, a frame comprising endmembers, a side member between said end members, at one edge thereof,dies mounted to operate in the plane of said side member, anintermediate member between said end members intermediate their width, aheading die, a toggle lever journaled on said last named member foroperation of said heading die and means to tie said intermediate memberto. said side 4 member adjacent the diesv 33. In a forging machine, incombination, body forming dies, a heading die, an arm carrying saidheading die mounted on a pivot movable relative to the plane in whichthe head is formed, means for adjusting the angle between said headingdie and said arm.

34. In a forging machine, in combination, body forming dies, a headingdie, an arm carrying said heading die, said arm compris ing a membermounted on a pivot adjustable relative to the plane in Which the head isformed and a member carrying the die and pivotally attached to saidfirst named member whereby the angular relation between said members maybe varied and means topreserve the adjustment of said members.

35. In a forging machine, in combination, a plurality of dies adapted toenclose a space of the form of a railway spike, means to cause said diesto press material to the form of said space, die means movable in saidspace to form a notch adjacent the head end of the spike and means tocause movement of said movable means at the proper time.

36. In a forging machine, in combination, a set of dies comprising bodyforming dies, a head forming die and a notch forming die movable in thespace enclosed by said body forming dies, means to cause motion of, saiddies in proper timed relation.

37 In a forging machine, in combination, a die, ejector pins fordischarging material from said die, a spring for retracting said pins, acam surface connected With said pins, a cam for actuating said surface,an abut ment cam surface, a spring holding said abutment in normalposition and being stronger than said first named spring, means toactuate said cam in advance of the release of material from said diewhereby said abutment spring Will be compressed before said pins arefree to move to provide quick action of said pins When free to move.

38. In a forging machine, in combination, feeding mechanism, materialenclosing dies providing a body shaping depression therebetween Whenclosed and carrying a cutting edge, a second cutting edge to coacttherewith, a body shaping die, a heading die, means to actuate saidfeeding mechanism, said enclosing dies, said cutting edges, said bodyshaping die and said heading die by distinct movement in the ordernamed.

39. In a forging machine, in combination, dies, cutting edges carried bysaid dies, feeding mechanism to supply material to, said dies, means toactuate said feeding mechanism and said dies in succession, means tomount said feeding mechanism adjacent to said dies so as to yield underpressure'When,

stock is severedbysaid edges and means to resiliently press sald feedingmechanism to normal position.

JOHN A. ROGERS.

